Can Water Hammer or Spiking Damage Plate & Frame Heat Exchangers?
Plate and frame heat exchangers (PHEs) are widely used in industries like HVAC, food processing, and power generation for efficient heat transfer. However, operational issues like water hammer or pressure spiking can pose significant risks.
A common question is: Can water hammer or spiking damage plate & frame heat exchangers?
Yes, water hammer and pressure spiking can damage PHEs, particularly affecting gaskets and plates, as noted by experts like T.H. Industrial Solutions and Alfa Laval. Understanding these risks is crucial for proper maintenance and operation.
What Are Water Hammer and Spiking in PHEs?
Water hammer is a sudden pressure surge caused by rapid valve closure or flow changes, creating shockwaves in the system. Spiking refers to abrupt pressure or temperature fluctuations, often exceeding design limits. Both can stress PHE components, especially thin plates (e.g., 0.4mm) and gaskets
Risks of Water Hammer and Spiking on PHEs
- Gasket Damage: Water hammer can force gaskets out of plate grooves, causing leaks, particularly in PHEs with 0.4mm plates, which are highly susceptible to deformation
- Plate Deformation: Pressure spikes can dent or puncture thin plates, compromising heat transfer and risking cross-contamination, as noted by Heat Exchanger Ontario.
- Seal Failure: Spiking from rapid pressure changes (e.g., >150 psig/min) can break gasket bonds or deform grooves, leading to leaks
- Reduced Lifespan: Repeated surges accelerate wear on plates and gaskets, shortening PHE lifespan, especially in high-pressure systems, as cautioned by industry standards.
Mitigation Strategies
- Gradual Valve Operation: Open and close valves slowly during startup to prevent water hammer
- Install Protective Devices: Use relief valves, pulsation dampers, or arrestors to absorb pressure spikes, per industry best practices.
- Use Strainers: Upstream filters remove debris that exacerbates pressure issues, protecting PHEs
- Regular Inspections: Monitor pressure drops (7–10 psi indicates fouling) and perform dye penetrant testing to detect plate damage
When to Service PHEs
Service PHEs every 5–6 years or when differential pressure reaches 7–10 psi, indicating fouling or potential damage from surges. Regular maintenance prevents escalation of water hammer or spiking issues.
Conclusion
Water hammer and pressure spiking can significantly damage plate and frame heat exchangers by affecting gaskets and plates, leading to leaks and reduced efficiency. Industry leaders like T.H. Industrial Solutions offer expert maintenance to mitigate these risks. Trust professionals to protect your PHEs and ensure optimal performance.
